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1 natural limit
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > natural limit
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2 natural limit
Математика: естественная граница -
3 natural limit
мат. -
4 natural limit
Англо-русский словарь по исследованиям и ноу-хау > natural limit
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5 natural limit of stress
Endurance strength, fatigue limit, natural limit of stressПредел m усталостиDictionary of packaging machinery and equipment > natural limit of stress
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6 limit
1) граница || ограничивать2) допуск3) порог; предел || устанавливать предел4) лимит || лимитировать5) мн. ч. интервал значений•down to the limit — в максимальной степени; до предела; предельно
limit approached from the left — мат. предел при стремлении переменной к точке слева
limit from the left — мат. предел слева
limit from the right — мат. предел справа
limit in probability — мат. предел по вероятности
limit in quadratic mean — мат. предел в среднеквадратическом смысле
limit in the mean — мат. предел в среднем
limit on the left — мат. предел слева
limit on the right — мат. предел справа
passage to the limit — мат. предельный переход
proceeding to limit — мат. переход к пределу
to tend to limit — мат. стремиться к пределу
to take limit — мат. найти предел
to set the limit to — устанавливать предел (чего-л.)
- almost significant limit - lower control limit - upper control limitto proceed [pass] to limit — мат. переходить к пределу
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7 limit of elasticity
The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > limit of elasticity
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8 natural elastic limit
1) Строительство: предел упругости, предел упругости на сжатие в образце, не подвергнутом растяжением наклёпу2) Железнодорожный термин: естественный предел упругости -
9 natural elastic limit
Англо-русский железнодорожный словарь > natural elastic limit
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10 fatigue limit
1.Предел m выносливости2.Endurance strength, fatigue limit, natural limit of stressПредел m усталостиDictionary of packaging machinery and equipment > fatigue limit
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11 естественная граница
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > естественная граница
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12 endurance strength
Endurance strength, fatigue limit, natural limit of stressПредел m усталостиDictionary of packaging machinery and equipment > endurance strength
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13 defect
1. порок; дефект; неисправность2. повреждение
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1. дефект; недостаток; порок; изъян; несовершенство || дефектный2. неисправность; повреждение || неисправный; повреждённый3. недостаток, нехватка
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1) дефект; недостаток; порок; изъян; несовершенство || дефектный2) неисправность; повреждение || неисправный; повреждённый3) недостаток, нехватка•free from defect — бездефектный;
defects per hundred units — число дефектов на сто изделий;
defects per unit — число дефектов на изделие;
to correct defects — устранять дефекты;
- allowable defectsto overcome defects — устранять дефекты;
- assembling defect
- assembly defect
- birth defect
- casting defect
- chronic defect
- condemnable defect
- controllable defect
- crack-like defect
- critical defect
- debugged defect
- deep-level defect
- design defect
- deterioration defect
- dimensional defect
- discovered defect
- dynamic defect
- eliminable defect
- embryonic defect
- equivalent defects
- external defect
- fabrication defect
- fatal defect
- fault defect
- fundamental defect
- gross defect
- hidden defect
- identifiable defect
- inadvertent defect
- incidental defect
- incipient defect
- independent defects
- indistinguishable defects
- induced defect
- inherent defect
- inherited defect
- in-process defect
- in-service defect
- internal defect
- intrinsic defect
- invisible defect
- killing defect
- latent defect
- leading defect
- local defect
- macroscopic defect
- major defect
- man-made defect
- manufacturing defect
- material defect
- mechanical defect
- minor defect
- multiple defects
- natural defect
- nonfunctional defect
- noninspectable defect
- nonmeasurable defect
- nonoperational defect
- nonrepairable defect
- nonsignificant defect
- observed defect
- obvious defect
- open defect
- operational defect
- operator controllable defect
- physical defect
- point defect
- potential defect
- pouring defect
- primary defect
- process-induced defect
- processing defect
- proven defect
- random defect
- reliability defect
- removable defect
- repairable defect
- revealed defect
- rolling defect
- secondary defect
- serious defect
- service defect
- shape defect
- shrinkage defect
- significant defect
- simulated defect
- source defect
- special defect
- sporadic defect
- spot defect
- spurious defect
- stratified defect
- structural defect
- surface defect
- technological defect
- tolerance limit defect
- true defect
- typical defect
- unrepairable defect
- visible defect
- visual defect
- volume defect
- welding defect
- weldment defect
- workmanship defect
- zero defects* * * -
14 barrier
1. n барьер; перила, ограждениеshow your ticket at the barrier of the railway station — предъявляйте билет у контрольного барьера железнодорожной станции
barrier railing — барьерное ограждение; перильное ограждение
2. n застава, шлагбаум3. n спорт. барьер; препятствие4. n стартовые ворота на бегах5. n воен. заграждение6. n преграда; помеха, препятствиеtrade barriers — торговые ограничения ; помехи на пути развития торговли
7. n перегородка, барьер; стена8. n граница, линия раздела, рубеж; естественная преградаthe Sahara Desert is a natural barrier that separates North and Central Africa — пустыня Сахара — естественная граница между Северной и Центральной Африкой
9. n ист. пограничная крепость, форт10. n ист. спец. шельфовый лёд, обрыв материкового льдаice barrier — кромка льда; ледяной барьер
11. n ист. горн. перемычка; целикСинонимический ряд:1. bar (noun) bar; barricade; blank wall; block; blockade; enclosure; fence; hurdle; obstruction; palisade; partition; railing; roadblock; snag; stockade; stop; traverse; wall2. limit (noun) limit; restraint; restriction3. obstacle (noun) boundary; check; deterrent; difficulty; encumbrance; hindrance; impediment; obstacle; stumbling blockАнтонимический ряд:aid; opening; passage -
15 frequency
1. частота2. повторяемость; встречаемостьfrequency in a vacuumfrequency in still airfrequency of maintenancefrequency of occurence1/rev frequencyacceleration frequencyangular frequencyantiresonance frequencybandwidth frequencybeam frequencybending frequencyblade passage frequencyblade passing frequencybouncing frequencybreak frequencybuffet frequencychord frequencycircular frequencyclosed-loop frequencycontrol frequencycontrol-surface frequencycontrolled frequencycrossover frequencycumulative frequencydamped frequencydamper frequencydisturbance frequencyDutch roll frequencyexceedance frequencyexcitation frequencyfeel system natural frequencyfirst harmonic frequencyfirst lag-mode frequencyflap frequencyflapping frequencyflatwise frequencyflexural frequencyflight frequencyfog frequencyforcing frequencyfundamental frequencygust frequencyharmonic frequencyin-vacuo frequencyin-plane frequencyinstability frequencylag frequencylag-mode frequencylead-lag frequencylimit cycle frequencyload cycle frequencylow-megahertz frequencymechanical frequencymodal frequencymotion frequencyMyklestad frequencynatural frequencyneuromuscular natural frequencynondimensional frequencynonrotating frequencyoctave band center frequencyone-third octave band center frequencyopen-loop frequencyoscillating frequencyoscillatory frequencyphase crossover frequencyPIO frequencypitch frequencypitching frequencyplunge frequencyplunging frequencyreduced frequencyresonance frequencyresonant frequencyresponse frequencyrigid body response frequencyrotating frequencyrotational frequencyrotor frequencysampling frequencyshort-period frequencysingle-mode torsional frequencysnap frequencyspace frequencystick frequencystructural frequencyswitching frequencytorsion frequencytorsional frequencyuncontrolled frequencyuncoupled frequencyundamped frequencyvibration frequencywing frequency -
16 morphism
морфизм dually universal morphism ≈ двойственно универсальный морфизм fiber bundle morphism ≈ морфизм расслоенного пространства left regular morphism ≈ регулярный слева морфизм local vector bundle morphism ≈ локальный морфизм векторных расслоений locally embeddable morphism ≈ локально вложимый морфизм locally stable morphism ≈ локально устойчивый морфизм locally trivial morphism ≈ локально тривиальный морфизм principal bundle morphism ≈ морфизм главных расслоений projectively embeddable morphism ≈ проективно вложимый морфизм purely inseparable morphism ≈ чисто несепарабельный морфизм residually stable morphism ≈ резидуально устойчивый морфизм right liberty morphism ≈ освобождающий справа морфизм right regular morphism ≈ регулярный справа морфизм universally closed morphism ≈ универсально замкнутый морфизм universally submersive morphism ≈ универсально субмерсивный морфизм - bijective morphism - bilogical morphism - bimeromorphic morphism - birational morphism - bounded morphism - bundle morphism - canonical morphism - categorical morphism - central morphism - clone morphism - closed morphism - cobounded morphism - codiagonal morphism - coequating morphism - coessential morphism - coimage of morphism - coliberty morphism - commutator morphism - compactifiable morphism - compatibility morphism - composite morphism - connecting morphism - coperfect morphism - covering morphism - divisible morphism - dominant morphism - dual morphism - embeddable morphism - epic morphism - etale morphism - extendable morphism - factored morphism - factorial morphism - fibered morphism - finite morphism - flat morphism - functorial morphism - fuzzy morphism - general morphism - geometric morphism - graded morphism - groupoid morphism - homotopic morphism - identity morphism - index of morphism - induced morphism - inductive morphism - injective morphism - inseparable morphism - invertible morphism - kernel of morphism - lattice morphism - liftable morphism - limit morphism - manifold morphism - monic morphism - morphism of colimit - morphism of complexes - morphism of functors - morphism of limit - morphism of manifolds - morphism of premanifold - morphism of presheafs - morphism of rings - morphism of semigroups - morphism of sheafs - natural morphism - neighbor morphism - nonstrict morphism - nontrivial morphism - open morphism - periodicity morphism - pregroup morphism - projective morphism - proper morphism - pseudosmooth morphism - quasicompact morphism - quasifinite morphism - quasiprojective morphism - quotient morphism - ramified morphism - restriction morphism - semilattice morphism - separated morphism - shape morphism - simplicial morphism - splitting morphism - stable morphism - strong morphism - submersive morphism - substitution morphism - surjective morphism - terminal morphism - topological morphism - trace morphism - transfer morphism - transversal morphism - universal morphism - unramified morphism - zero morphism (математика) морфизмБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > morphism
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17 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
18 NL
1) Компьютерная техника: Nested Lists, Next To Last, Not Linked, Numbered List, No Level (вариант лицензирования продукции Microsoft)2) Военный термин: Natick Laboratories, Navy League, nearest land, not listed, not located3) Техника: natural language, neodymium laser, new line character, night letter, noise limiter, nonlinearity, notification limit4) Сельское хозяйство: net loss5) Математика: Negative Large6) Метеорология: Northern Lights7) Юридический термин: No Lies, No Litigation8) Страхование: no liability9) Грубое выражение: Nadia Lover10) Политика: Netherlands11) Радио: noise limited (ограниченный шумами)12) Телевидение: noise reduction13) Телекоммуникации: Network Layer, Number of unallocated channels on link14) Сокращение: National Laboratory, National League, Native Language, Netherlands (NATO country code), no limit, nolead, north latitude, Dutch (Netherlands), National League (baseball), NewLine character, телеграмма, отправляемая ночью со скидкой (night letter), no label (required)15) Физиология: Normal, Normal Limits17) Нефть: Neutron-Lifetime Log, neutron log, neutron logging, non-led gas, north line, thermal decay time log18) Канадский термин: Newfoundland and Labrador19) Транспорт: Navigation List20) Бурение: северная линия (north line)21) Образование: No Learning22) Сетевые технологии: Node Loop23) Программирование: Next Line, No Loops, Non Leading24) Океанография: New License25) Сахалин Ю: nitrogen low pressure, азот низкого давления26) Безопасность: New Lock27) Расширение файла: Norton Desktop Icon Library28) Чат: No Longer....29) Правительство: North Lima30) NYSE. N L Industries, Inc.31) Программное обеспечение: No Licensing -
19 Nl
1) Компьютерная техника: Nested Lists, Next To Last, Not Linked, Numbered List, No Level (вариант лицензирования продукции Microsoft)2) Военный термин: Natick Laboratories, Navy League, nearest land, not listed, not located3) Техника: natural language, neodymium laser, new line character, night letter, noise limiter, nonlinearity, notification limit4) Сельское хозяйство: net loss5) Математика: Negative Large6) Метеорология: Northern Lights7) Юридический термин: No Lies, No Litigation8) Страхование: no liability9) Грубое выражение: Nadia Lover10) Политика: Netherlands11) Радио: noise limited (ограниченный шумами)12) Телевидение: noise reduction13) Телекоммуникации: Network Layer, Number of unallocated channels on link14) Сокращение: National Laboratory, National League, Native Language, Netherlands (NATO country code), no limit, nolead, north latitude, Dutch (Netherlands), National League (baseball), NewLine character, телеграмма, отправляемая ночью со скидкой (night letter), no label (required)15) Физиология: Normal, Normal Limits17) Нефть: Neutron-Lifetime Log, neutron log, neutron logging, non-led gas, north line, thermal decay time log18) Канадский термин: Newfoundland and Labrador19) Транспорт: Navigation List20) Бурение: северная линия (north line)21) Образование: No Learning22) Сетевые технологии: Node Loop23) Программирование: Next Line, No Loops, Non Leading24) Океанография: New License25) Сахалин Ю: nitrogen low pressure, азот низкого давления26) Безопасность: New Lock27) Расширение файла: Norton Desktop Icon Library28) Чат: No Longer....29) Правительство: North Lima30) NYSE. N L Industries, Inc.31) Программное обеспечение: No Licensing -
20 nl
1) Компьютерная техника: Nested Lists, Next To Last, Not Linked, Numbered List, No Level (вариант лицензирования продукции Microsoft)2) Военный термин: Natick Laboratories, Navy League, nearest land, not listed, not located3) Техника: natural language, neodymium laser, new line character, night letter, noise limiter, nonlinearity, notification limit4) Сельское хозяйство: net loss5) Математика: Negative Large6) Метеорология: Northern Lights7) Юридический термин: No Lies, No Litigation8) Страхование: no liability9) Грубое выражение: Nadia Lover10) Политика: Netherlands11) Радио: noise limited (ограниченный шумами)12) Телевидение: noise reduction13) Телекоммуникации: Network Layer, Number of unallocated channels on link14) Сокращение: National Laboratory, National League, Native Language, Netherlands (NATO country code), no limit, nolead, north latitude, Dutch (Netherlands), National League (baseball), NewLine character, телеграмма, отправляемая ночью со скидкой (night letter), no label (required)15) Физиология: Normal, Normal Limits17) Нефть: Neutron-Lifetime Log, neutron log, neutron logging, non-led gas, north line, thermal decay time log18) Канадский термин: Newfoundland and Labrador19) Транспорт: Navigation List20) Бурение: северная линия (north line)21) Образование: No Learning22) Сетевые технологии: Node Loop23) Программирование: Next Line, No Loops, Non Leading24) Океанография: New License25) Сахалин Ю: nitrogen low pressure, азот низкого давления26) Безопасность: New Lock27) Расширение файла: Norton Desktop Icon Library28) Чат: No Longer....29) Правительство: North Lima30) NYSE. N L Industries, Inc.31) Программное обеспечение: No Licensing
См. также в других словарях:
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